A sucker rod is a steel rod, typically between 25 and 30 feet (7 to 9 meters) in length, and threaded at both ends, used in the oil industry to join together the surface and downhole components of a reciprocating piston pump installed in an oil well. The pumpjack is the visible above-ground drive for the well pump, and is connected to the downhole pump at the bottom of the well by a series of interconnected sucker rods.
Working The surface unit transfers energy for pumping the well from prime-mover to sucker rod string. In doing this, it must change the rotary motion of prime-mover to reciprocating motion of sucker rod. And it must reduce the speed of prime-mover to suitable pumping speed. Speed reduction is accomplished at gear reducer. And rotary motion of crank shaft is converted to oscillatory motion by means of walking beam. The crank arm is connected to the walking beam by means of pitman arm. Walking beam is supported by Samson post and saddle bearing. The horse head and bridle are used to ensure that pull on the sucker rod string is vertical all times so that no bearing movement is applied to that part of sucker rod string above stuffing box. The polished rod and stuffing box combination is used to maintain a good liquid seal at the surface.
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